Ho Chi Minh City looks to recharge its investment appeal

Ho Chi Minh City looks to recharge its investment appeal

After recent success in containing COVID-19, Ho Chi Minh City enters the new year determined to attract more foreign investment to bolster its position as Vietnam’s economic mainstay.

RMIT academic Dr Burkhard Schrage offers three suggestions for the city to thrive on this front in the new normal.

news-thumbnail-2-ho-chi-minh-city-looks-to-recharge-its-investment-appeal The future is bright for HCMC if the dynamism of the city and talents of its population can be leveraged.

Statistics by the Ministry of Planning and Investment show that FDI inflows into Vietnam rose by around 9% during 2021 for a total of USD 31.15 billion. Despite harsh repercussions from the pandemic, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) received a remarkable 3.74 billion USD (down 14.2%), which placed it third nationwide after Hai Phong and Long An, both of which received investments for some very large-scale infrastructure projects.

Both the short-term and long-term roles that HCMC plays for Vietnam and the region can hardly be underestimated. Approximately 25% of Vietnam’s economic activity happens here, average incomes stand above twice the national average with around USD6,900 per capita, while the city houses approximately 10% of the nation’s population.

The city’s leaders, together with private businesses and non-governmental organisations, now need to ask themselves what the way forward for the city should be. Competition for foreign and domestic investment as well as human capital is fierce, especially throughout the region. And in a short-term perspective, what are the lessons learned from the disruptive effects of the pandemic?

1. Prioritising the development of clusters

According to Harvard Professor Michael Porter, the competitiveness of cities is largely determined by the ability to create “clusters” of selected industries. Closely locating firms across an entire value chain in an industry has proven to be important. For example, having a medical R&D company next to a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm and a pharma distribution close to each other provides strong competitive advantages. There may even be close collaboration between these companies and a pharmaceutical university nearby. And in this key aspect, the city is doing very well.

The challenge for the city therefore is to continue along this path of building industry clusters. While the political decision makers together with the private sector have identified for example high-value added manufacturing and software development in the Saigon Hi-tech Park as a cluster to increase competitiveness, more consideration should be given to other clusters to increase HCMC’s attractiveness for foreign investors.

Some discussions were about becoming a regional financial centre, but this may present some challenges in the medium term. Tourism as a “cluster” may be evaluated – not only hotels, but also many suppliers to the hospitality industry: advisory businesses, architecture, training and development, production of toiletries- for the industry are just a few examples where such a tourism cluster can be strengthened. While the sector has almost come to a standstill across the last two years, there will be a strong rebound in the second half of 2022, benefitting the entire tourism value chain.

Overall, there are many opportunities for HCMC to build more well-defined clusters by capitalising on the city's workforce, the willingness of the administrative and business leadership to embrace the future, and the improving infrastructure.

news-1-ho-chi-minh-city-looks-to-recharge-its-investment-appeal Dr Burkhard Schrage, Senior Program Manager of the Management discipline at RMIT University.

2. Moving towards a knowledge economy and a smart city

Academic research has shown that cities who can attract “knowledge workers” register higher growth rates than cities who are unable to create the right environment for highly skilled and creative workers.

The economist Richard Florida in his influential book “The rise of the creative class” has demonstrated that in a post-industrial era, cities grow and attract investment by transitioning from an industry focus to the creation of an urban environment where architects, consultants, bankers, artists, scholars, or computer programmers want to move to and be efficient in their work. 

HCMC needs to respond to two key policy challenges: (1) how to create public policies that are the basis to attract the best knowledge workers, and (2) how to implement its drive towards a “smart city”, enabling more efficient use of infrastructure, while being environmentally sustainable, and increasing the city’s innovation capacity. 

The future is bright for HCMC if the dynamism of the city and talents of its population can be channelled into more creative professions supported by strong industry clusters, smart infrastructure, and leadership with foresight.

3. Preparing for high-tech investment

Foreign investors have expressed their concerns about the general level of soft skills in the Vietnamese workforce, including the ability to work in teams or to communicate effectively. That being said, technology firms look primarily at the availability of hard skills.

How many IT graduates per capita did the city produce over the last few years? How many university programs in material sciences, IT, quantum computing or bioengineering are there? It will be vital for HCMC to enable the creation of a skilled workforce that responds to the demands of tech companies.

Nurturing this highly skilled workforce necessitates leading universities and other ways of allowing the education or upskilling of the existing pool of talents. But it also means considering creating an urban environment that attracts and retains those knowledge workers. Typical environments that HCMC can consider creating include the combination of built environments (streets, offices, etc.) with natural environments (parks, forests, etc.), and a vibrant city with diverse outdoor activities and cultural offerings.

In addition to this human capital aspect of investment, foreign tech companies look for protection of intellectual property (IP). They don’t produce “tangible assets” like shirts or car components, but they produce “intangible assets” like computer code, apps, or new technology for clean energy. Technology investors need a stable and predictable framework that assures them of the ownership of these intangible assets. HCMC could consider enforcing strictly all prevailing IP regulations in Vietnam and showing to technology firms that their key assets are protected.

Finally, HCMC is on the right path to attract foreign investors in the technology industry. Intel’s largest testing and assembly factory in the world (by area) is located in the city and has received an additional USD 475 million investment. HCMC is becoming a hub for computer programming start-ups. The key is now to take the dynamism of the city to the next level.

Dr Burkhard Schrage is Senior Program Manager at RMIT University’s School of Business & Management where he oversees the EMBA, MBA, and undergraduate Management programs.

Story: Dr Burkhard Schrage

Related news